Semantics and Discourse analysis

a)         Free morphemes and bound morphemes

Free morphemes are morphemes that are able to protest on its own in a language. This is unremarkably a stem or seed word. So, the kernel of the word allows us to identify the number of morphemes in a word.

founts of free morphemes are, walk, ingenious white, run, sad, black.

Bound morphemes are morphemes that are unable to stand own its own. These morphemes ordinarily occur as an affix.

In terms of prefixes, they may be, un, in undress, dis, in discontinue and mis in misunderstand.

In terms of suffixes, they may appear in ness in kindness, ment in movement , ly, in quickly. All inflectional and derivational morphemes are bound morphemes.

Eg: (a)         in-distinguish-able                  (b)          explain-ing

b)         Inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes

Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that energize grammatical function but do not interchange the lexical category or the meaning of the word. They are usually suffixes. There are eight inflectional morphemes in English.



They are,

Suffix         Example         Type/ Form

-s         Talk         3rd person present

-ed         Talked         Past form

-ing          talk of the town         ing participle

-ed (-en)         Talked (Broken)         ed participle

-s         Dogs         Plural

s         Mothers         Possessive

-er         Smaller         Comparative

-est         Smallest         Superlative

Derivational morphemes are morphemes that can either change the meaning or the word class of a word. Examples of derivational morphemes are,

mis in the word, misuse, un in the word, unhappy. In these cases, the root words have changed in meaning upon adding the prefix thereby creating a new word. In terms of changing the word class, we can see by dint of the examples of, ness , as in happiness and ly, as in quickly.

In the case of happiness, the root word, happy,is an adjective and with the adding of the morpheme ness it changes to a...

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